| PLSC 320 Quiz II | Name_____________________________________ | ||||
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Lab
Sec/time ______________________________
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| If you don't understand the question, mark it on the exam so that I can consider when I am grading this exam. Take all questions at face value, don't read additional meaning into them, especially the true or false questions. | |||||
| PTS | |||||
| 2 | 1. | (TRUE or FALSE) Bromegrass and crested wheatgrass transplanted at 1 plant/ft2 or seeded at 5 seeds/ft2 produced less forage yield than higher plant or seed densities in the second year of production. | |||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Forage quality of alfalfa increased with increasing stem density since the stems were finer. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Excellent stands of alfalfa can be established under a warm-season species like sudangrass seeded in 6-inch rows as long as the sudangrass is harvested timely. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) The target species in weed control programs in establishing alfalfa should be the grass species because many broadleaf weeds have as good or better forage quality than alfalfa in early growth stages. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) It is important to increase the seeding rate of alfalfa to 10 to 12 lb/a when establishing alfalfa with a companion crop since the companion crop is competing with the alfalfa and can reduce the establishment rate. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Dormant seeding of alfalfa is an excellent method to establish alfalfa whereas dormant seeding of grasses is discouraged due to potential winter kill of the seedlings. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Application of ammonium phosphate to alfalfa is never recommended because the legume plant can fix its own nitrogen. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Wisconsin data shows that forage yield potential (increasing 0.2 tons/acre) and stand persistence (increasing from 3 to 4 years) are more important in the economic return on alfalfa acreage in a dairy operation than decreasing ADF and NDF by 2% each or increasing seed cost by $1/lb with a 15 lb/a seeding rate. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Most new cultivars of alfalfa today are highly resistant to the six diseases considered for multiple disease resistance. | |||||
| (TRUE or FALSE) Most alfalfa cultivars released are synthetic varieties. | |||||
| 3 | 2. | Name three alfalfa insect pest commonly found in this area other than grasshoppers AND give the typical symptoms of the insect. | |||
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3. | What is sod-seeding? | |||
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4. | Define contractile growth AND why is contractile growth important for the alfalfa plant? | |||
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5. | How many plants/ft2 will give near maximum alfalfa yield during the first harvest year if uniformly distributed _____________? Recommended seeding rate for alfalfa seeded without a companion crop is ______________ lb/a, but assuming a normal emergence rate of __________%, a seeding rate of only __________ lb/a would give an adequate stand. | |||
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6. | The two most common alfalfa diseases found in North Dakota are __________________________ and _________________________ ( some resistance exist for these diseases, but it is not complete). | |||
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7. | Why are companion crops used to establish alfalfa or grass forages? _______________________, _____________________________, and ________________________________. | |||
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8. | Joe Concern call yesterday and was worried about his new alfalfa stand that he seeded on August 1. The plants were 8 to 10 inches tall and relatively uniformly distributed, but 35% of the area (mostly in windrow areas where volunteer grain occurred) had 1 to 2 plants/ft2, 40% of area had 5 to 6 plants/ft2, and 25% of the area had 20 plants/ft2. Joe wants to know whether to attempt to thicken up the stand next year. What would you recommend? Why? | |||
| 4 | 9. | Alfalfa varieties should be selected based on the following four characteristics ____________________, _______________________, __________________________, and _________________________. | |||
| 1 | 10. | The lower forage quality of a grass plant compared with alfalfa is due to this chemical component ____________________________________ that reduces intake. | |||
| 1 | 11. | Oat is the most competitive companion crop for both light and soil water; yet, it is the most common companion crop used. Why? | |||
| 1 | 12. | What is "common" alfalfa seed? | |||
| 2 | 13. | Seeding rate recommendations are based on (a. PLS, b. bulk seed) in grasses. Why? | |||
| 1 | 14. | The least competitive companion crop for both soil water .and light is (a. Barley, b. Wheat, c. Flax, d. Oat). | |||
| 3 | 15. | Six diseases have been emphasized by alfalfa plant breeders and have been the primary distinguishing differences among most of the new varieties. These diseases are? | |||
| 1 | 16. | A fully productive field of alfalfa will have at least this many stems/ft2___________ (give a 10 stem range). | |||
| 3 | 17. | Why
is the inoculation recommendations different in small-seeded (alfalfa) than
large-seeded legumes? First, how do they differ? Then answer the first part. |
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| 1 | 18. | Why is a firm seedbed so important in establishing small-seeded legumes and grasses? | |||
| 2 | 19. | With a quick look, this insect (____________________) causes areas of the field to appear as regrowth is lacking or very slow. On closer look, there are stems with the leaves totally removed, especially in the windrows following the first harvest. | |||
| 1 | 20. |
Why are mid-September seedings of alfalfa generally not successful? |
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| 5 | 21. | List six advantages and four disadvantages of no-till or reduced-tillage establishment of alfalfa. | |||
| 3 | 22. | What is a crown AND how does the crown of an alfalfa plant differ from the crown of a wheat plant? | |||
| 2 | 23. | List four factors that affect the recommended seeding depth of a grass or legume (environmental factors excluded). | |||
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24. | To enhance the forage quality of alfalfa, breeders must affect this physiological characteristic (not chemical characteristic) __________________________. | |||
| 2 | 25. | Alfalfa has various root systems. This one characterizes alfalfa ________________. This one is concentrated in Spredor 3 __________________________. This one is used to increase heaving tolerance __________________________. This one is rarely found ____________________________. | |||
| 1 | 26. | The environment plays an important part in winter kill of alfalfa, but under the same environment and for the same variety, this factor is the most important aspect affecting the ability of a particular stand to survive a winter-injury year _________________________________________. | |||
| 1 | 27. | What dormancy classes of alfalfa can we grow in this area (a. 1-2, b. 1-4, c. 1-6. d. 3-6, e. 7-9). | |||
| 1 | 28. | Most grasses can overwinter adequately if they reach this leaf growth stage _______________ . | |||
| 1 | 29. | What dormancy level and stand persistence level would be ideal for an alfalfa cultivar for this environment? | |||
| 1 | 30. |
Flemish alfalfas were the source of what desirable characteristic in alfalfa today? |
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| 2 | 31. | A pasture alfalfa like Alfagraze has been selected for persistence under grazing. What plant characteristics are associated with tolerance to grazing? | |||
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32. | Name five factors that affect the recommended planting rate. | |||
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33. | The alfalfa disease characterized by tap roots that have been cut off and generally is found on poorly drained soils with good rainfall is ________________________________. | |||
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34. | Alfalfa cultivars rated as highly resistant for a particular disease has (a. 25, b. 50, c. 75, d. >90) % of the plants resistant. | |||
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35. | (TRUE or FALSE) The 2001 seeding rate results were significantly different from the 1970 seeding rate results indicating the need to keep the data current. | |||
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36. | Two excellent sources of written information on alfalfa varieties are ___________________________ and _____________________________________. | |||
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37. | Why is it difficult for me to recommend a given alfalfa cultivar to a producer even though we presently are testing over 60 newly released cultivars (two reasons)? | |||
| 2 | 38. | What is an annual alfalfa in this area AND give an example of an annual alfalfa variety. | |||
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39. | Name the two weeds that have developed resistance to the ALS class of herbicides and have become common problems in fields in eastern North Dakota__________________ and ____________________. This species is also developing ALS resistance ____________________. | |||
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40. | The best weed control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in seedling alfalfa can be obtained with this herbicide if ALS-resistant weeds are not present ____________________. If using this herbicide, what adjuvant is recommended ________________________ and it should be applied at this growth stage ______________________________? If ALS-resistant weeds are present, then what is the best weed control program for clear-seeded alfalfa? | |||
| 2 | 41. | The best herbicide for broadleaf weed control in CRP seedings that used the wildlife mixture is __________________________, but this component may be injured even under good environmental conditions _______________________________. | |||
| 1 | 42. | Many grass seeding rates are calculated by NRCS based on how many seeds/ft2 ______________? | |||
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Upon my honor, I have neither given or received aid in writing this exam. __________________________ |
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