PLSC 320 Quiz I			Name_________________________________________
			Lab Sec/time __________________________________
Read questions at their face value. There is no deliberate attempt to confuse or mislead you on any question. Select the best answer for all fill in the blank questions and be sure to include all possible answers for a short essay questions. Complete sentences are not required, but I must be able to understand your answer.
PTS
6	1.	NDF is an abbreviation for _____________________________. What does NDF measure ____________________________? NDF is used to predict this determinate of forage quality ____________________________. __________________________________ is the other determinate of forage quality and it generally is predicted by this chemical component ____________________.
6	2.	Each of the determinates that you just listed above have three components, list them.
1	3.	One of the components has two aspects influencing it, list the two aspects _______________________________ and __________________________________.
9	4.	RFV is an abbreviation for ____________________________________. It is used extensively in alfalfa hay marketing because it estimates this ________________________________________. ___________________________________(give the name and not the abbreviation) is new this year and is proposed to replace the RFV. This system uses the same hay grade standards as the RFV, but is better than the RFV in that it includes a measure of this _________________________. The hay grade system gives top-notched alfalfa hay this grade ______________________, which has a RFV of ________________, NDF of ______________, and ADF of _______________. The crude protein content of this hay would be _______________________, even though it isn't used in the calculation of RFV.
4	5.	The dominate factor that affects forage quality is plant maturity or growth stage. Explain to me why this is the case by considering how plant maturity affects each of the components listed in Question 2 above.
(One point each blank)
	6.	A forage harvested and dried for animal feed is ___________________________.
	7.	Edible parts of plants that provide feed for animals is a ____________________.
	8.	A form of silage harvested with a baler and sealed in plastic is ______________.
	9.	A dicot forage with N-fixing nodules is called a ___________________________.
	10.	Leaf and twig growth of shrubs, trees, cacti, or other non herbaceous plants is called ___________.
	11.	A nearly level, rolling grassland that was originally treeless is called a ______________________.
	12.	A grassland with scattered trees that has distinct wet and dry seasons is called a ______________.
	13.	A feeding stuff that is relatively low in TDN and has crude fiber greater than 18% ______________.
	14.	Protein that escapes rumen digestion is called ____________________________.
	15.	The two most common polysaccharides found in a forage crop are _____________________________ and _______________________.
	16.	The main storage carbohydrate in cool-season grasses is ___________________.
	17.	This technique measures the nutritive value of a feed by simulating the action in the rumen __________.
	18.	Name two components of a forage that decrease the digestibility of the cellulose ______________________ and ___________________________.
	19.	A chemical given off by one plant influencing the growth of another is called __________________.
	20.	The autotoxic response in alfalfa has been shown to be associated with these two chemicals__________________ and ____________________.
	21.	The area of influence of the autotoxin in alfalfa was shown by Jennings to be up to_______inches away from an old alfalfa plant.
	22.	The cheapest herbicide to kill an alfalfa stand is__________, but if a grass is present,____________should be used. Both require tillage after absorption for complete stand kill.
3	23.	Explain why a legume crop will always be higher in forage quality than a grass.
2	24.	The crude protein content is determined by wet chemistry by this technique ______________________, but this method does not measure crude protein but measures this _____________________ and multiples it by this factor _____________. Today, crude protein is determined in most commerical forage quality labs using this technique _______________________.
(2 points for each TRUE or FALSE question)
		(TRUE or FALSE) Some warm-season grasses like bermudagrass have both rhizome and stolens for vegetative reproduction.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Warm-season perennial grasses generally have a greater digestibility than cool-season grasses because the have lower NDF.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Biomass cropping based on switchgrass and used for liquid fuels may be the next new widely grown cropping enterprise.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Forages are critical in livestock rations with greater than 80% of the feed units tracing to forages.
		(TRUE or FALSE) The value of all hay in the United States ranked it as the second most valuable crop produced in 2001 with alfalfa hay alone ranking as the third most valuable crop if all hay is split into alfalfa and other hays.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Alfalfa contributes less than 2% of the cash receipts to farmers in North Dakota while government payments accounts for about 25% of cash receipts over the last two years.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Most of the non-government-owned native range is located in the East while most of the introduced pastureland is in the West.
		(TRUE or FALSE) The allelopathic chemicals found in stubble mulching are the same compounds that are know to reduce the digestibility of several forages.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Research in Minnesota found corn yields following corn, sudangrass, or sorghum to be nearly equal, but less thatn corn following alfalfa and sunflower.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Weeds have allelopathic effects on crop production with generally broadleaf weeds reducing broadleaf crops and grass weeds reducing grass crops; however, there are exceptions to this.
		(TRUE or FALSE) The autotoxic effect in alfalfa did not occur when stands were less than two years old in Minnesota tests.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Wheat yields following late-season crops like corn, sugarbeet, and sunflower were greater than wheat following barley even with the late-season water use.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Legume effects on subsequent crop yields can extend to two to three years after the legume is grown.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Wheat grown on either green manured or hayed sweetclover the previous year had a protein content equal to or better than fallow and greater than adequate N-fertilized wheat on wheat.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Roundup (Glyphosate) has been cleared for application to alfalfa 3 to 5 days prior to harvest as a method to terminate an alfalfa stand.
		(TRUE or FALSE) Native ranges infested with sweetclover must be grazed very carefully or the grazing animal could experience dicoumarol poisoning or the sweetclover bleeding disease.
3	26.	What are the three primary reasons for a crop sequence or rotation?
3	27.	What is autoconditioning in alfalfa and, if shown to occur, what management implications(s) does it have?
4	28.	A dairy farmer needs 100 acres of alfalfa, 100 acres of corn silage, and 100 acres of pasture for his dairy herd on a farm that has 700 acres. Suggest a good crop sequence if he plans to grow corn, soybean, and dry edible beans and the acreage devoted to each.
3	29.	Bloat is a concern when grazing alfalfa, especially when the plant is immature; yet, the breeders are making progress toward a nonbloating alfalfa. What plant factors are related with bloat in both bloating and non bloating legumes?
2	30.	The two potentially toxic compounds that are more of a problem under droughty conditions like experienced this past year in southwestern North Dakota are _______________(commonly found in __________________) and ____________ (commonly found in _______________).
2	31.	AmeriStand 403T alfalfa is said to have a higher tolerance to traffic than most other varieties. Where is it getting this increased tolerance and what additional value does this character have?
Upon my honor, I have neither given nor received aid in writing this exam________________________
Quiz 1 Answers