| PLSC
320 Quiz I |
Name______________________________
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Lab
Sec/time ___________________________
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Read questions
at their face value. There is no deliberate attempt to confuse or mislead
you on any question. Select the best answer for all fill in the blank
questions and be sure to include all possible answers for a short essay
questions. Complete sentences are not required, but I must be able to
understand your answer.
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| 5
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1.
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ADF
is an abbreviation for __________________________? What does ADF measure
_______________________? ADF is used to predict this determinate of forage
quality ___________________________________. ________________________ is
the other determinate of forage quality and is generally predicted by this
chemical component ______________________. |
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2. |
Each
of the determinates that you just listed above have three components and
one has two aspects influencing it, list them. |
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3
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3. |
What is RFV,
what does it attempt to do, and how is it used today?
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1
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4.
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What
RFV is considered prime hay?___________ |
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5. |
RFQ
or ____________________________ is predicted from ______________ and is
considered a better estimate of forage quality than RFV because it has an
estimate of this ___________________________. What forages does the RFQ
give a better shake (higher RFQ than RFV, name two)? |
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6.
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The
dominate factor that affects forage quality is plant maturity or growth
stage. Since you have seen this question before, give me a complete answer
why this is the case considering your answer to Question 2. |
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7. |
What
component of a grass will always make it lower in forage quality than a
legume when both are harvested at beginning of flowering? _____________________________ |
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in the blank, one point/blank) |
| 8. |
A
forage harvested and preserved in a succulent condition by fermentation
is a _____________________. |
| 9. |
A
forage harvested fresh, dehydrated, and used as a protein concentrate is
called ____________________. |
| 10. |
A
monocot of the Poaceae family is called a ___________________. |
| 11.
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Any
herbaceous broadleaf plant on which livestock grass is called a ___________________________. |
| 12. |
Semi-arid
grassland with scattered bunches of short grasses, other herbaceous vegetation,
and occasionally trees is called a ____________________. |
| 13. |
Kjeldahl
N multiplied by 6.25 is termed __________________________________. |
| 14. |
True
protein that is absorbed in the small intestine is called ____________________. |
| 15. |
If
NDF is 40% on the "as is" bases (hay is 10% moisture), NDF on
the dry matter bases is ____________. |
| 16. |
The
two most common storage carbohydrates used in regrowth are ________________________
and ________________________. |
| 17.
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Soluble
carbohydrates in forages are measured by _____________________________. |
| 18. |
Cellulose
digestibility is inhibited by _________________, ____________________, and
____________. |
| 19.
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Forage
quality of most forages today is determined by this system _______________________________. |
| 20.
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What
morphological structure of the plant makes warm-season grasses less digestible
_________________. |
| 21. |
An
indigenous grass is called ______________________. |
| 22. |
A
plant that gives off a chemical that affects only plants of the same species
is called__________________. |
| 23.
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A
better way to express yield rather than in tons/acre dry matter is _______________________________. |
| 24.
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A
typical stoleniferous grass grown in this area is ___________________________,
and a typical legume with a creeping root is _____________________. |
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One points
for each TRUE or FALSE question.
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(TRUE or
FALSE) Forages are critical for livestock producers because >60% of
all feed units for all livestock classes comes from forages; however,
the cow-calf livestock enterprise obtain >95% of its feed units from
forages.
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| (TRUE
or FALSE) All wheat production in the USA has a higher economic value than
alfalfa hay production. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Ethanol based on crop residues and switchgrass biomass has a greater
energy efficiency than ethanol obtained from corn. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Valued on its replacement value in livestock rations, all forages
are the most value crop produced in the USA. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Grazing lands in the North Central and Northeast areas is nearly
100% introduced species while grazing lands in the western half of the USA
is primarily native rangeland. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) North Dakota and Minnesota each have about 1.5 million acres of
alfalfa in production, but Minnesota produces 30 to 40% more tonnage because
of higher yields per acre. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Weeds can have allelopathic effects on crops with broadleaf weeds
generally affecting broadleaf crops more and grass weeds affecting grass
crops (with some exceptions). |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) The allelopathic chemical in alfalfa reduced plants established
by 50 to 75% when seeding alfalfa on old alfalfa ground very shortly after
tilling out the old stand. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Jennings in Missouri found the area of influence around an old
alfalfa plant was only 3 to 4 inches where productivity of newly seeded
plants was reduced. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) If a newly seeded alfalfa field has a thin stand, attempts to
thicken up the stand will be a failure due to the allelopathic effect. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Wheat yields following barley are higher than wheat yields following
late-season crops like corn, sunflower, and sugarbeet due to the late-season
water use. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Legumes are known to enhance subsequent grass crop yields in the
year following the legume but have little effect thereafter. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Addition of organic matter to most soils will enhance subsequent
crop productivity. |
| (TRUE
or FALSE) Tall fescue has an endophyte (Acremonium) that may cause the diseases
fescue foot or fescue toxicosis, but this endophyte also imparts stress
tolerance to the plant. |
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25.
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The
Canadians have released AC Grazelander, which has a lower bloat potential
than many hay-type alfalfas. What two plant characteristics have they changed
to allow them to work toward a bloat-free alfalfa? |
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4
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26. |
List
four potentially toxic substances found in forages that have not been mentioned
previously (bloat, endophyte) and the crop that is known to contain the
substance. |
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4
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27. |
Graph
the normal relationship between yield and quality of a forage plant. Be
sure to label your lines. |
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| 2
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27. |
What is autoconditioning
in alfalfa?
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| Upon
my honor, I have neither given nor received aid in writing this exam________________________ |
