Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
CARROT HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Heidi Eslinger
Table 19. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots in the baby carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 20. Root characteristics for carrots in the baby carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 22. Root characteristics for carrots in the cut and peel carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 23. US #1 & total carrot yield for the cello carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 24. Root characteristics for the cello carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 25. US #1 & total carrot yields for carrots in the jumbo carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 26. Root characteristics of carrots in the jumbo carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 27. US #1 & total carrot yields for carrots in the dicer carrot hybrid performance trial
Table 28. Root characteristics of carrots in the dicer carrot hybrid performance trial
In North Dakota, carrots grow very well. Carrots have greater commercial production potential than any other vegetable. We tested true baby, cut and peel, cello, jumbo and dicing types of carrots.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam, Hecla sandy loam and Embden sandy loam; pH=7.1; 2.5% organic matter; soil-P was very high, soil-K was medium, and soil-S was low. |
Previous crop: |
2003 - potato; 2002 - cabbage, carrot, edible bean, field corn, onion, potato, soybean, sugar beet, sweetcorn and wheat; 2001 - field corn. |
Seedbed Preparation: |
Disked on April 2 and May 26. Multiweeded (field cultivated) three times on May 27 – once to level the seed bed and twice to incorporate fertilizer and herbicide. |
Planting: |
Direct seeded raw carrot seeds on May 28 with a Monosem precision planter. Carrot planting pattern was 2 lines per row (2.5 inches between lines in a row) for the processing and dicing carrots and 3 lines per row (2 inches between lines in the row) for all other carrots with rows on 18-inch centers. Planting rate was about 330,000 seeds/acre for dicing, 500,000 seeds/acre for jumbo, 800,000 seeds/acre for cello, 1.2 million seeds/acre for cut and peel, and 1.86 million seeds/acre for baby carrots. A row of barley cover crop (0.45 bu/acre) was planted between and parallel to the carrot rows. |
Plots: |
Plots were 17 ft long by three feet wide (two rows plus the wheel track). The study had 4 reps. |
Fertilizer: |
On April 15 broadcast 20 lbs N/acre and 24 lbs S/acre as 20-0-0-24. Applied 50 lbs N/acre on May 27 and 60 lbs N/acre on July 15 as 28-0-0. |
Irrigation: |
Surface drip irrigation as needed. |
Pest control: |
Weeds were controlled using Treflan preplant incorporated (1.5 pt/acre on May 27), Lorox (1 lb/acre on May 28 and 1.5 lbs/acre on June 30), Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 0.5% v/v on June 19, which also killed the barley cover crop), and by hand weeding. Sprayed Baythroid (2.8 oz/acre on August 2, August 12 and August 19) to control leafhopper. |
Harvest: |
The baby, cut and peel, and cello carrots were harvested three times: baby on July 19, July 26 and August 2; cut and peel on August 2, August 9 and August 18-19; and cello on August 11, August 18, and August 25. The jumbo and dicing carrots were harvested once: jumbo on October 8 or October 11; and dicing on October 12. The harvest area was two rows wide by three feet long for all carrots. |
Adelaide was the only baby carrot tested. For cut and peel carrots, Intercepter and Inverness carrots were longest, Intercepter carrots were thinnest, while Niagra had the highest yields. But many Niagra carrots were too fat for cut and peel carrots. Niagra had the highest total yields of the cello type carrots. Bradford, Cupar and Niagra were the highest yielding jumbo types. Niagra, Cupra and Carson had the highest yield of the dicing types of carrots. But these high yielding carrots had the palest dry color. Niagra and Cupar had the lowest and Kingdom had the highest percent dry matter.
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Table 19. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2004 baby carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
US #1 carrots |
Total yield |
Total roots |
|||||
yield (by root diameter) |
% of total yield |
||||||||
>13/16" |
¾ to 13/16" |
⅝ to ¾” |
⅜ to ⅝” |
total |
|||||
|
--------------------------------- tons/acre ------------------------------- |
% |
tons/A |
1000s/A |
|||||
|
|||||||||
Adelaide |
BE |
|
|||||||
Harvested July 19 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
73 |
1.8 |
442 |
|
Harvested July 26 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
3.7 |
82 |
4.5 |
496 |
|
Harvested Aug 02 |
1.2 |
1.9 |
3.2 |
1.4 |
7.7 |
85 |
9.0 |
600 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
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Table 20. Root characteristics for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2004 baby carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Multiple root |
Average length |
Root diameter |
Core diameter |
Cortex color2 |
Core color2 |
Contrast3 |
Uni-formity |
Overall score |
US #1 size |
|
% |
------------- inches ------------- |
----- 1 to 4 ---- |
----- 1 to 5 ----- |
1 to 10 |
oz/root |
|||||
|
|||||||||||
Adelaide |
BE |
|
|||||||||
Harvested July 19 |
5 |
4.3 |
0.57 |
0.24 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
6.6 |
0.24 |
|
Harvested July 26 |
6 |
4.7 |
0.71 |
0.31 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
7.4 |
0.39 |
|
Harvested Aug 02 |
9 |
4.9 |
0.77 |
0.35 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
7.3 |
0.58 |
|
1See Appendix A for list of seed sources.
2Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.
3Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.
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Table 21. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2004 cut and peel carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
US #1 carrots |
Total yield |
Total roots |
Root size |
|||||
yield (by root diameter) |
% of total yield |
|||||||||
>13/16" |
¾ to 13/16" |
⅝ to ¾” |
⅜ to ⅝” |
total |
||||||
|
--------------------------- tons/acre --------------------------- |
% |
tons/A |
1000s/A |
oz/root |
|||||
Harvested Aug 2 |
||||||||||
Infinity |
BE |
0.4 b2 |
0.8 b |
2.6 a |
1.6 a |
5.4 b |
70 |
7.7 b |
437 |
0.7 b |
Interceptor |
BE |
0.0 b |
0.1 b |
0.5 c |
2.3 a |
2.8 c |
67 |
4.2 c |
438 |
0.4 c |
Inverness |
BE |
0.0 b |
0.2 b |
1.6 b |
2.2 a |
4.0 c |
73 |
5.7 c |
443 |
0.5 c |
Niagra |
BE |
5.0 a |
2.1 a |
1.0 bc |
0.3 b |
8.3 a |
80 |
10.4 a |
347 |
1.0 a |
|
||||||||||
Probability |
<0.0001 |
0.005 |
0.001 |
0.0015 |
0.0002 |
0.19 |
<0.0001 |
0.24 |
<0.0001 |
|
C.V.(%) |
43 |
79 |
35 |
34 |
20 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
12 |
|
|
||||||||||
Harvested Aug 9 |
||||||||||
Infinity |
BE |
3.0 b |
2.7 a |
1.5 |
1.0 b |
8.2 b |
67 |
12.2 b |
408 |
1.0 b |
Interceptor |
BE |
0.4 c |
0.8 b |
1.4 |
3.0 a |
5.7 b |
63 |
8.8 c |
483 |
0.7 c |
Inverness |
BE |
0.1 c |
0.5 b |
2.2 |
3.7 a |
6.5 b |
66 |
9.0 c |
461 |
0.7 c |
Niagra |
BE |
9.2 a |
2.6 a |
1.0 |
0.3 b |
13.1 a |
76 |
17.2 a |
390 |
1.5 a |
|
||||||||||
Probability |
<0.0001 |
0.003 |
0.09 |
0.001 |
0.0009 |
0.44 |
0.0005 |
0.43 |
<0.0001 |
|
C. V. (%) |
37 |
44 |
37 |
45 |
21 |
16 |
14 |
20 |
12 |
|
|
||||||||||
Harvested Aug 19 |
||||||||||
Infinity |
BE |
7.3 b |
1.3 a |
0.6 b |
0.1 c |
9.4 b |
52 |
18.0 b |
370 b |
1.9 b |
Interceptor |
BE |
2.5 c |
1.1 a |
2.6 a |
0.8 b |
7.2 b |
46 |
15.3 b |
473 a |
1.2 c |
Inverness |
BE |
2.6 c |
1.2 a |
1.9 a |
1.2 a |
6.9 b |
47 |
16.7 b |
543 a |
1.1 c |
Niagra |
BE |
16.4 a |
0.0 b |
0.0 b |
0.0 c |
16.5 a |
56 |
29.0 a |
439 ab |
2.9 a |
|
||||||||||
Probability |
0.0003 |
0.04 |
0.0015 |
<0.0001 |
0.015 |
0.67 |
0.002 |
0.04 |
<0.0001 |
|
C. V. (%) |
41 |
64 |
51 |
29 |
33 |
24 |
15 |
13 |
9 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Values in the same column and harvest date, followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. If no letters
follow values, then values in that column and harvest date are not different from each other.
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Table 22. Root characteristics for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2004 cut and peel carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Multiple root |
Average length |
Root diameter |
Core diameter |
Cortex color2 |
Core color2 |
Contrast3 |
Uni- formity |
Overall score |
|
% |
-------------- inches -------------- |
----- 1 to 4 ----- |
----- 1 to 5 ----- |
1 to 10 |
|||||
|
||||||||||
Harvested Aug 2 |
||||||||||
Infinity |
BE |
26 |
6.4 |
0.85 a4 |
0.42 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
7.1 a |
Interceptor |
BE |
23 |
6.0 |
0.67 b |
0.35 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
6.5 b |
Inverness |
BE |
24 |
6.8 |
0.71 b |
0.37 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
6.6 b |
Niagra |
BE |
18 |
5.7 |
0.87 a |
0.45 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
7.1 a |
|
||||||||||
Probability |
0.36 |
0.08 |
0.006 |
0.13 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.14 |
0.025 |
|
C.V.(%) |
25 |
9 |
||||||||