North Dakota Agricultural Research
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105

Companion Grazing Using Goats and Cattle to Control Leafy Spurge (continued)





Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methodology
and Design

Results and
Discussion

Conclusion/
Implications

References

Project
Background


Literature Cited
Barker, W.T., and W.C. Whitman. 1989. Vegetation of the northern Great Plains. North Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Rept. 111. Fargo, N.D.

Bartz, S., B. Landgraf, P. Fay, and K. Havstad. 1985. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) as a forage component for ewes and lambs. SID Res. Digest 3:39-42.

Biondini, M.E., P.W. Mielke, and K.J. Berry. 1988. Data- dependent permutation techniques for the analysis of ecological data. Vegetatio 75:161-168.

Bryant, F.C., M.M. Kothmann, and L.B. Merrill. 1979. Diets of sheep, angora goats, Spanish goats, and white-tailed deer under excellent range conditions. J. Range Manage. 32:412-417.

Davis, G.G., L.E. Bartel, and C.W. Cook. 1975. Control of gambel oak sprouts by goats. J. Range Manage. 28:216- 218.

Dunn, P.H. 1979. The distribution of leafy spurge and other Euphorbia spp. in the United States. Weed Sci. 27:509-516.

Glimp, H.A. 1988. Multispecies grazing and marketing. Rangelands 10:275-278.

Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.

Hanson, T.P. 1994. Leafy spurge control, using angora goats. M.S. thesis. North Dakota State University, Fargo, N.D.

Hanson, T.P., and D.R. Kirby. 1993. Angora goat grazing for leafy spurge management. Abstr. No. 187. Soc. Range Manage. Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM.

Helgeson, E.A., and E.J. Thompson. 1939. Control of leafy spurge by sheep. North Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta. Bimonthly Bull., 2(1):5-9.

Helgeson, E.A., and E.J. Longwell. 1942. Control of leafy spurge by sheep. North Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta. Bimonthly Bull., 4(5):10-12.

Kronberg, S.L., and J.W. Walker. 1993. Ruminal metabolism of leafy spurge in sheep and goats: A potential explanation for differential foraging on spurge by sheep, goats, and cattle. J. of Chem. Ecol. 19(9):2007-2017.

Küchler, A.W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. Amer. Geog. Soc. Spec. Publ. 36.

Lacey, C.A., R.W. Kott, and P.K. Fay. 1984. Ranchers control leafy spurge. Rangelands 6:202-204.

Ludwig, J.A., and J.F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical ecology: A primer on methods and computing. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.

Lym, R.G., and D.R. Kirby. 1987. Cattle foraging behavior in leafy spurge infested rangeland. Weed Tech. 1:314- 318.

Lym, R.G., and R.B. Carlson. 1994. Effect of herbicide treatment on leafy spurge gall midge (Spurgia esula) population. Weed Technology. 8(2):285-288.

Lym, R.G., K.K. Sedivec, D.R. Kirby. 1997. Leafy spurge control with angora goats and herbicides. (in review).

Malechek, J.C. 1970. The botanical and nutritive composition of goat diets and lightly and heavily grazed ranges in the Edwards Plateau of Texas. Ph.D. diss., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.

Messersmith, C.G., and R.G. Lym. 1983. Distribution and economic impact of leafy spurge in North Dakota. N.D. Farm Res. 40(5):8-13.

Messersmith, C.G., R.G. Lym, and D.S. Galitz. 1985. Biology of leafy spurge. pp. 42-56. In: A.K. Watson, ed. Leafy Spurge. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Champaign, Ill.

Milner, C., and R.E. Hughes. 1968. Methods of the measurement of primary production of grassland. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, England.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 1993-1995. Climatological data, North Dakota: Monthly data and annual summaries for 1993-1995. National Climatic Center, Ashville, North Carolina.

North Dakota Department of Agriculture. 1996. Weed Control survey by county. North Dakota Dept. of Agri., State Capitol, Bismarck, N.D.

Sedivec, K.K. and R.P. Maine. 1993. Angora goat grazing as a biological control for leafy spurge: A three-year summary. IN: Proc. 1993 Leafy Spurge Symposium, July 26-28, Cranby, Colo.

Sedivec, K.K., W.T. Barker, and T.A. Messmer. 1994. Biological control of leafy spurge using angora goats. Dept. of Anim. and Range Sci. Annual Report, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, N.D.

Selleck, G.W., R.T. Coupland, and C. Frankton. 1962. Leafy spurge in Saskatchewan. Ecol. Monogr. 32:1-29.

Spencer, N.R. 1994. Imported insect establishment for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control. The Council. Proc. Great Plains Ag. Council. Lincoln, Neb. 13-17.

Squires, V.R. 1982. Dietary overlap between sheep, cattle, and goats when grazing in common. J. Range Manage. 35:116-119.

Whitman, W.C. and W.K. Wali. 1975. p.53-73. Prairie: A multiple view. Univ. North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, N.D.

Wright, R.M. and M. Sweeney. 1977. Soil Survey of Eddy County. USDA Soil Conserv. Service, North Dakota Office, Bismarck.

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Project Background

Authors
Chadley W. Prosser, Graduate Student
Department of Animal and Range Sciences
North Dakota State University
Fargo, ND 58105
prosser@plains.nodak.edu
http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/ars/ars.htm

Kevin K. Sedivec, Extension Rangeland Specialist
Department of Animal and Range Sciences
North Dakota State University
Fargo, ND 58105
ksedivec@ndsuext.nodak.edu
http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/ars/ars.htm

William T. Barker, Professor
Department of Animal and Range Sciences
North Dakota State University
Fargo, ND 58105
barker@badlands.nodak.edu
http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/ars/ars.htm


Corresponding Author
Kevin K. Sedivec

Location where research was (primarily) done
Camp Grafton South, Eddy County, North Dakota

Funding source
state and federal grant through the North Dakota Army National Guard


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