|
Grasshopper Control Products for North Dakota
2003
|
Insecticide
Name and Class
|
Crops |
Toxicity
LD50 rate
|
Toxicity to bees |
Residual |
Cost for low and
high rates |
Restrictions |
|
Lorsban 4E
OP
|
Wheat, Sunflower |
High |
High |
3-5 days |
$2.65 for 0.5
pt/a $5.29 for 1 pt/a |
Wheat - Do not
apply within 28 days of wheat harvest or allow livestock to graze or
feed within14 days of application.
Sunflower – Do
not apply within 42 days of harvest. Do not allow livestock to
graze in treated areas.
|
|
Malathion 57EC
OP
|
Wheat, Barley,
Lentils, Non-crop |
Low |
High |
24 hours |
$5.03 for 1.5
pt/a
$6.70 for 2 pts/a
|
Grains - Grazing
and harvest after 7 days. Lentils – Do not apply within 3 days of
harvest. Do not graze or feed treated crop foliage to livestock. |
|
Ethyl-methyl
Parathion
OP
|
Wheat, Barley,
Canola |
High |
High |
24-48 hours |
- |
Fields must be
posted. Do not applied within 15 days of harvest for small grains;
28 days for canola. |
|
Methyl Parathion
OP
|
Wheat, Barley,
Canola |
High |
High |
24-48 hours |
- |
Fields must be
posted.
Grains - Do not
applied within 15 days of harvest.
Canola – Do not
apply within 25 days of harvest.
Sunflower – Do
not apply within 30 days of harvesting, pasturing, cutting or
foraging. Do not feed seeds to birds.
|
|
Dimethoate
OP
|
Wheat, Barley,
Peas, Lentils, Chickpeas |
High |
High |
24-48 hours |
$3.24 for 0.75
pt/a |
Grain - Do not
harvest grain within 35 days or graze within 14 days of last
application.
Peas/Lentils - Do
not apply within 21 days of harvest.
Chickpeas – Do
not feed treated plants to livestock.
|
|
Penncap-M
OP
|
Wheat, Barley,
Non-crop |
High |
Very High (do not
apply within 1 mi of hive) |
5+ days |
$7.12 for 2 pts/a
$10.68 for 3
pts/a |
Fields must be
posted.
Grains - Do not
apply within 15 days of harvest.
Non-crop – Do not
apply within 15 days of harvest or grazing.
|
|
Furadan 4F
Carbamate
|
Wheat, Barley,
Sunflower |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$2.46 for 0.25
pt/a
$4.92 for 0.5
pt/a |
Grains - Do not
feed treated forage to livestock.
Sunflower – Do
not harvest crop within 28 days of application.
|
|
Sevin XLR
(Carbaryl)
Carbamate
|
Wheat, Flax,
Peas, Lentils, Sunflower, Non-crop |
Moderate |
Moderate
|
21 days |
Rate varies by
formulation |
Wheat, peas,
lentils - Do not apply within 21 days of harvest
Flax – Do not
apply within 42 days of harvest for flax seed or straw.
Sunflower – Do
not apply within 60 days of harvest. Do not allow animals to graze
on treated crops.
|
|
Mustang
Pyrethroid
|
Wheat, Peas,
Lentils, Chickpeas |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$2.81 for 1.9 fl
oz/a
$6.36 for 4.3 fl
oz/a |
Wheat - Do not
apply within 14 days of grain, forage, or hay harvest.
Peas, lentils,
chickpeas - Do not apply within 21 of harvest.
|
|
Warrior
Pyrethroid
|
Wheat, Canola,
Sunflower, Non-crop |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$5.71 for 2.56 fl
oz/a
$8.56 for 3.84 fl
oz/a |
Wheat, canola -
Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
Sunflower – Do
not apply within 45 days of harvest.
Non-crop areas
may not be hayed or grazed.
|
|
Asana XL
Pyrethroid
|
Sunflower, Peas,
Lentils, Non-crop |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$4.23 for 5.8 fl
oz/a
$7.00 for 9.6 fl
oz/a |
Sunflowers, peas,
lentils - Do not apply within 28 days of harvest.
Non-crop areas
may not be hayed or grazed.
|
|
Capture
Pyrethroid
|
Canola |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$4.20 for 1.3 fl
oz/a
$8.40 for 2.6 fl
oz/a |
Canola - Do not
apply within 35 days of harvest. |
|
Baythroid
Pyrethroids
|
Sunflower |
High |
High |
5-7 days |
$5.70 for 2 fl
oz/a
$7.98 for 2.8 fl
oz/a |
Sunflower - Do
not apply within 30 days of harvest. |
|
Scout X-TRA
Pyrethroid
|
Sunflower |
- |
High |
5-7 days |
- |
Sunflower - Do
not apply within 21 days of harvest. |
GRASSHOPPER
CONTROL TIPS!
HONEY BEE FACTS–Never
spray a crop in bloom unless it’s absolutely necessary. If
spraying a crop in bloom is necessary, do the spraying where there is
minimal bee activity, preferably during the evening hours. During
most summer evenings, honeybees return to the hive by 8 PM and do not
leave until 8 AM or later the
following day. Most fungicides and herbicides (except 2,4 D) pose
little threat to honeybees. Protect our important pollinators!
INSECTICIDE
RATES–Lower rates are
recommended for the nymphs (young grasshoppers) on small plants or
sparse vegetation. The higher rates are suggested for adult
grasshoppers or when materials are applied to crops requiring greater
coverage.
EFFECTS OF
WEATHER ON INSECTICIDES–Cold temperature prolong the residual of insecticide while warm
temperatures break down insecticides more rapidly.
GRASSHOPPER BIOLOGY AND EFFECTS OF WEATHER
Grasshoppers overwinter in the egg stage. The majority of the eggs are
laid in late crops like flax, sunflower, dry beans, for example. Most
of the hatch occurs between May 25 and June 10. If you find crop
damage during this period and 33-45 grasshopper nymphs per square yard
in field or 50-75 nymphs per square yard in field edge, an insecticide
treatment is recommended. Remember, grasshopper nymphs are easier
to kill than adult grasshoppers. The nymphs will remain in grassy areas
or roadsides for a long time before moving into fields, so spray
ditches/field edges or just “hot” spots in ditches/field edges. It
takes about 35-50 days for the nymphs to go through the five or six nymphal stages before becoming a winged adult.
Temperature, rainfall, and snowfall are all important in determining the
severity of grasshopper infestations. A warm, extended fall will result
in larger number of eggs being laid. The same condition supports
greater embryonic development before winter. This results in an earlier
and more even hatch of young grasshoppers the following spring.
Extremely dry conditions in the fall and spring will limit embryonic
development within eggs. Very cold winter temperatures (soil
temperature of <5 degree F) with little snow cover can result in up to
90% mortality of the eggs. Unfortunately, most grasshoppers lay their
eggs in areas where snowfall will accumulate. Spring temperatures will
have only a minimal effect on the survival of grasshopper that hatch.
Young grasshoppers are hardy enough to tolerate below freezing spring
temperatures for a short period. Spring temperature will affect
grasshopper development and plant growth. If the spring is hot,
grasshoppers will hatch early and develop quickly. Cool spring
temperatures will slow grasshopper development. Under hot dry
conditions, a small grasshopper can do as much damage as a large
grasshopper under cool, wet conditions. Rainfall will only have an
effect if a heavy downpour occurs immediately after an extensive hatch.
A cool, wet June will NOT seriously affect grasshopper populations.
However, a warm humid summer will increase the potential for diseases in
grasshopper populations, which will help reduce the densities the
following year. |
