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Corn
Gluten Feed Shelled corn remains after the extraction
of the larger portion of starch, gluten and germ from the wet milling
manufacture of corn starch or syrup. It may or may not contain fermented
corn extractives and/or germ meal.
Wet milling
process effectively ruptures cell making residue very digestible
for starch and protein, but it contributes little to ruminal fiber
mat.
Medium protein feed, 20% to 22% CP on DM basis, but protein is low
in bypass.
Protein highly degradable, 70% - 77% of CP, (solubility 50% - 55%
of CP).
Low in calcium (similar to corn) and high in phosphorus and potassium.
Dried
More popular form due to advantages in handling and transportation.
Medium palatability, cattle adapt quickly.
Energy level comparable to barley.
Include up to 50% of grain mixture or 10 to 15 pounds per cow per
day. (Schroeder et al., 1995 NDSU research used up to 18 lbs. in
a 10-week trial.)
Wet
Can be included in ration from 25% to 30% of DM intake or 30 pounds
per head per day as fed. (Schroeder et al., 1996 NDSU dairy research
found optimum use at 19% to 20% of total DM intake when protein
degradability was not adjusted.)
Limited shelf life (4 to 7 days) in summer months. Winter (freezing
temperature) prolonged open storage up to 30 days with limited loss
to spoilage.
Forage effectiveness factor of .56:1.
Research trials have found milk fat percentage was maintained or
sometimes increased with the addition of wet CGF in the diet.
Cottonseed,
Whole
Seed not processed for its oil or fiber.
Unique 'associative
effects': high in energy, fat, protein, and fiber yet very palatable
to cattle, making it an exceptional dairy supplement that contributes
to rumen health.
Linted cottonseed referred to as "fuzzy"; with lint removed
referred to as "delinted".
Delinted slightly higher in fat and protein than whole cottonseed,
however feeding of acid delinted cottonseed not recommended.
Upper limits are 6 to 7 pounds of DM per cow per day. Inclusion
rates are restricted because of their high fat content, especially
with other high-fat ingredients in the diet. Total plant fat sources
should not exceed 1 to 5 pounds per cow per day.
Effectiveness factor of 1.3:1. An excellent forage replacer contributing
to rumen mat formation as well as ration energy, but difficult to
handle due to physical properties.
Upper limit on forage replacement is 25% to 35% of forage DM.
Gossypol toxicity or adverse subclinical effects on reproduction
should not be a concern where no more than 15% cottonseed products
are included in the total diet.
Cottonseed should be monitored for aflatoxin contamination.
Not recommended as a feed for dairy bulls. Gossypol contributes
to infertility.
Distillers
Dried Grains Fermentation coproduct of ethyl alcohol distillation
following yeast fermentation of grain.
Type of
grain may vary, but generally included in the name: barley, cereals,
corn, rye, wheat.
Crude protein, fat, color, and texture are highly variable.
Medium protein feed. Crude protein normally varies between 23% and
32%.
Source of undegradable intake protein (UIP), approximately 55%.
Same energy value as corn.
Fat varies between 3% and 11%.
Very palatable.
Safe to feed at relatively high levels; 15% to 40% of concentrate
mix. Upper feeding limits are listed at 10 to 15 pounds of DM per
cow per day, but daily intake of 5 to 10 pounds of DM per cow per
day are more common.
Must be aware of potential head damage. ADIN used by forage testing
laboratories to estimate heat damaged protein from processing.
Not recommended for use in high corn silage-corn grain diets.
Effectiveness as a forage replacer is 20% to 30% of forage DM in
the diet.
Distillers
Dried Grain with Solubles Product obtained after the removal
of ethyl alcohol by distillation from yeast fermentation of a grain
mixture by condensing and drying at least three-fourths of the solids
of the whole stillage.
Follow recommendations
for use similar to distillers dried grains.
Similar in energy and protein to distillers, low in lysine.
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